Existence of Allah

In short, the existence of the Creator is proven through an intellectual study of the creation, which includes the human being and the surrounding universe. An enlightened study of the universe shows that all creation has two common features: limitedness and dependence. Life is limited because certain conditions must exist for it to exist; the limited nature of the human being is obvious, among the most visible limitations are his size and dimensions. And the universe is limited because it can be measured; space can be divided into segments, each with a definite volume. Also, the universe is governed by laws and systems that subjugate its behavior. In addition to the quality of limitedness, all creation is dependent. Human beings depend upon many things to sustain them, life depends upon certain parameters to sustain it, the universe is dependent upon the system to define its very existence and govern its behavior. Even the system is dependent upon the matter; without matter, the forces that govern the matter, such as gravity, electromagnetism, and others, would not exist. 

What does all of this mean? Everything that is limited must have a beginning and an end, which means that something must have initiated that beginning. Also, dependence implies that all creation depends upon something to sustain it and, at the very least, to bring it to existence. This something is what Muslims call Allah (swt), the Creator, who, by virtue of being the Creator, is UNLIMITED and is INDEPENDENT. 

After establishing the existence of the Creator, we move to address the next issue: The Creator can either be limited, unlimited, or both (limited and unlimited simultaneously). Implying that the Creator is limited in any fashion means that He is just another Creation and He has a beginning and is dependent. For this reason, the Creator cannot share any attributes with the Creation. The idea that the Creator can be both limited and unlimited is self-contradictory and makes no sense. Therefore, the Creator must be unlimited, and this is proof that the Creator can only be ONE because unlimited means having no limits or restrictions. If there were two unlimited beings, then would one own everything, meaning that the other would own nothing? If one were to have unlimited authority, would this mean that the other has no authority? Therefore, we should all agree, as a fundamental basis, that Allah (swt) exists, that He has no partners, and that Allah (swt) is beyond our comprehension. And we cannot mix between the attributes of the Creator and those of the creation because the Creator is unique.

''Nature of Allah''

In fact, the evidence for this is so pervasive that we find most of humanity believing that there exists a Creator, but other religions fell into two traps. First, they failed to distinguish between the ''Allah's Existence'' and ''Allah's Nature/Reality.'' While Allah's existence can be proven without a doubt, the nature of Allah is beyond our comprehension, and as a result, attempting to comprehend the incomprehensible led many people to either spiral in fruitless speculation or to ''limit'' Allah by affixing to Him descriptions of the Creation. Secondly, this belief, in many instances, was not based upon intellectual conviction but rather on blind faith, imitation, or emotion. Islam resolved this issue by making the intellect a criterion for evaluating belief, and by establishing the limits of the thinking process. The Creator is beyond our comprehension and cannot have descriptions that are characteristics of the limited creation. And we should not think of the Creator in terms of numbers, parts, and things that we can comprehend. Solid/liquid/gas applies to matter, and past/present/future applies to time, but the Creator is beyond matter, space, or time, and beyond our comprehension and our ability to describe. Any attempt to describe Creator in terms of things we can comprehend will only lead us to worship something that is itself limited. We use our minds only to come to the conclusion that a Creator exists, and we stop there.